Water Negotiation Simulation Vouchers
Professional training simulations for water governance, transboundary negotiation, and resource management. Purchase access vouchers for individuals, teams, or entire classrooms.
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Available Simulations
41 water negotiation simulations across Free, Premium, and Enterprise tiers.
Amu Darya Water Allocation Crisis
Soviet Quotas, Afghan Rights, and a River in Collapse
Four riparian nations must renegotiate the crumbling Soviet-era water allocation system for the Amu Darya, Central Asia's most contested river. With Afghanistan asserting upstream development rights after decades of war, Uzbekistan defending its cotton empire, Turkmenistan protecting desert irrigation, and Tajikistan leveraging hydropower ambitions, negotiators must forge a legally binding allocation framework before the river runs dry.
Aral Sea Restoration Compact
Reversing the 20th Century's Greatest Environmental Catastrophe
All five Central Asian states must reach a historic compact to reform the International Fund for the Aral Sea, establish binding flow restoration targets, and restructure the energy-water trade that has kept the basin locked in a prisoner's dilemma. The Aral Sea has lost 90% of its volume since 1960; negotiators must decide how much can be saved, who pays, and who sacrifices agricultural income for ecological survival.
Harirud River Sharing Agreement
Trilateral Dialogue on an Ancient Shared River
Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan explore the potential for a trilateral water-sharing framework for the Harirud (Hari River), whose flows support communities across all three nations. The Salma Dam in Afghanistan, Iranian dryland agriculture in Khorasan, and Turkmen irrigation along the Tejen each depend on the same finite resource — yet no international legal framework currently governs its shared use. This simulation invites participants to examine cooperative pathways grounded in hydrological evidence, international water law principles, and mutual benefit.
Amu Darya: Central Asian Water-Energy Nexus
Soviet Ghosts, Rogun Dreams, and a Shrinking River
The Amu Darya — Central Asia's lifeline — epitomises the water-energy nexus that defines post-Soviet hydropolitics. Upstream Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan need winter hydropower releases from their mountain reservoirs, while downstream Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan require summer irrigation flows for cotton, wheat, and rice across millions of hectares of arid farmland. The Soviet system managed this trade-off through centralised command; its collapse created five sovereign states with incompatible water calendars and no binding replacement framework. The Rogun Dam — at 335 metres potentially the world's tallest — sits at the heart of the dispute. Tajikistan sees Rogun as its ticket to energy independence and export revenue. Uzbekistan fears that winter power generation will starve summer irrigation. The IFAS Secretariat attempts coordination but lacks enforcement authority. This simulation challenges participants to design a water-energy trade architecture that reconciles upstream hydropower ambitions with downstream agricultural survival under accelerating climate change and Aral Sea environmental obligations.
Indus Waters: Treaty Renegotiation Under Climate Change
The World's Most Dangerous Water Treaty in a Warming World
The 1960 Indus Waters Treaty — brokered by the World Bank between India and Pakistan — is widely considered the world's most successful water-sharing agreement, having survived three wars, nuclear crises, and decades of diplomatic hostility. But the treaty was designed for a stable climate: it divides six rivers between the two countries based on fixed geographic partitions, not adaptive principles. As Himalayan glaciers retreat, monsoon patterns shift, and both nations' populations and water demands surge past 1.5 billion combined, the treaty's 64-year-old framework is showing catastrophic cracks. India's Kishenganga and Ratle hydropower projects on the western rivers (allocated to Pakistan) have triggered a dual-track dispute: Pakistan invoked the International Court of Arbitration while India demanded a Neutral Expert under the treaty, creating an unprecedented jurisdictional crisis that the World Bank was forced to pause. The treaty has no climate adaptation mechanism, no environmental flow provisions, and no framework for addressing the 30-40% decline in Indus flows projected by 2060. This simulation challenges participants to renegotiate the world's most consequential bilateral water treaty under conditions of mutual nuclear deterrence, deep mistrust, and accelerating climate uncertainty.
Jordan River: Water for Peace
Shared Scarcity in the World's Most Contested Basin
The Jordan River basin — sacred to three faiths and claimed by five political entities — is the world's most water-scarce transboundary system per capita. Annual renewable freshwater per person in the basin ranges from 60 cubic metres (Palestine) to 250 cubic metres (Israel), all far below the international water stress threshold of 1,700 m3/capita. The river itself has been reduced to a fraction of its historical flow, with less than 10% reaching the Dead Sea. Water in the Jordan Basin is inseparable from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Israeli-Jordanian peace treaty, and Syrian-Lebanese claims to the Golan Heights headwaters. Every allocation decision carries political recognition implications. Desalination offers a technical escape from zero-sum hydrology, but its costs must be shared, and access to desalinated water raises equity questions between occupier and occupied. This simulation places participants at the intersection of hydrology, geopolitics, and human rights, challenging them to design a water-sharing framework that can function even without resolution of the underlying political conflict.
Mekong River: Dam Cascade Impact
Eleven Dams, Six Nations, and the Fate of Southeast Asia's Lifeline
The Mekong River — Southeast Asia's 4,350-kilometre lifeline — feeds 60 million people, sustains the world's largest inland fishery, and drives the agricultural economies of six nations. China has constructed eleven mega-dams on the upper Mekong (Lancang River), fundamentally altering the river's hydrology without downstream consent. The Mekong River Commission (MRC), established in 1995 among four lower basin states, has no authority over Chinese operations and limited leverage over Laos, which is building its own cascade of mainstream dams. The consequences are cascading: sediment flows have dropped 90%, the Tonle Sap lake reversal that sustains Cambodia's fisheries has weakened, Vietnam's Mekong Delta faces saltwater intrusion threatening rice production for 20 million people, and Thailand's northeastern farmers report unpredictable water levels destroying crops. This simulation confronts participants with the challenge of negotiating a dam operation framework across a power asymmetry where the dominant upstream state (China) has neither incentive nor institutional obligation to cooperate, while downstream states lack leverage beyond diplomatic pressure and international reputational costs.
Nile Basin: Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Africa's Largest Hydropower Dam and the Future of the Nile
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam — Africa's largest hydropower project at 6,450 MW — has become the defining transboundary water dispute of the 21st century. Egypt, which depends on the Nile for 97% of its freshwater, views GERD as an existential threat. Ethiopia frames it as a sovereign development right that will lift 65 million citizens out of energy poverty. Sudan occupies an ambivalent middle ground, potentially benefiting from regulated flows and cheap electricity while fearing uncoordinated operations during its own flood season. Negotiators must resolve the dam's filling timeline, long-term operation rules, drought mitigation protocols, and downstream compensation mechanisms — all against a backdrop of colonial-era treaties that allocated the entire river to Egypt and Sudan while granting Ethiopia nothing. The African Union has attempted mediation since 2020, but talks have repeatedly collapsed over the definition of 'equitable utilisation' versus 'historic rights.' This simulation places participants at the heart of Africa's most consequential water negotiation, requiring mastery of international water law, hydro-diplomacy, technical dam operations, and multi-party coalition building under extreme political pressure.
Climate Adaptation Negotiation Lab
Sea Level Rise, Loss and Damage, and the Water Crisis at the Climate Frontier
An introductory negotiation laboratory for beginners. The Netherlands, Bangladesh, Egypt, and Small Island States must forge a coalition at the intersection of climate change and water security — negotiating adaptation finance, loss and damage compensation, and governance frameworks for the populations most immediately threatened by the water consequences of a warming planet.
Colorado River Emergency Protocol
Lake Mead Crisis, Seven States, and the Law of the River
The United States and Mexico must negotiate emergency drought contingency measures for the Colorado River as Lake Mead drops to historically low levels, threatening water supplies for 40 million people across seven US states and two Mexican states. The "Law of the River" — a century of compacts, treaties, and court decrees — is colliding with 21st-century climate reality.
Community Water Rights Conflict
Herders, Farmers, Miners, and Government: Competing Uses in Rural Africa
In a water-scarce rural African district, four parties with fundamentally different relationships to water — pastoral herders, settled farmers, a mining company, and local government — must negotiate a community water allocation framework. The dispute encompasses customary rights, commercial development, food security, and the limits of local governance authority.
Helmand River Treaty Renegotiation
Reviewing a Historic Treaty Under Changing Hydrological and Political Conditions
Afghanistan and Iran examine options for updating the 1973 Helmand River Treaty in light of documented hydrological changes, evolving governance contexts, the ecological decline of Iran's Sistan wetlands, and operational considerations for the Kajaki and Kamal Khan Dams. This simulation enables participants to explore evidence-based approaches to balancing Afghan agricultural development priorities with Iranian water security needs for 1.2 million Sistani people, grounded in international water law and shared hydrological data.
Interbasin Water Transfer Dispute
Source Basin Rights vs Receiving Basin Needs in Large-Scale Diversion
A proposed large-scale interbasin water transfer pits the source basin state against the water-hungry receiving basin, with environmental coalitions and indigenous communities challenging the ecological and cultural legality of the diversion. Negotiators must design a governance framework that balances development imperatives against ecological integrity and prior rights.
Lake Chad Basin Revival Compact
90% Gone: Boko Haram, Transaqua, and the Last Chance for Africa's Vanishing Lake
Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon must negotiate a Lake Chad Basin Revival Compact through the reformed Lake Chad Basin Commission — addressing the catastrophic 90% shrinkage of Lake Chad, the Transaqua inter-basin water transfer proposal, the Boko Haram security nexus, and the 40 million people whose livelihoods have collapsed alongside the lake.
On-Farm Irrigation Water Dispute
Head vs Tail: Water Justice in a Shared Canal Command Area
In a shared irrigation canal command area, upstream head-end farmers receive plentiful water while tail-end farmers watch their crops wilt. A Water Users Association attempts to mediate the dispute under the oversight of the District Irrigation Authority, but competing interests, infrastructure deficits, and centuries of inequitable water culture make agreement anything but simple.
Danube River Basin Governance
EU Water Framework, Navigation Rights, and the Black Sea Pollution Crisis
Six Danube riparian states — Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine — must negotiate a comprehensive basin management plan under the EU Water Framework Directive, reconciling navigation industry demands, agricultural nutrient pollution, wetland restoration, and the diplomatic complexity of non-EU riparians.
East African Nile Cooperation
Equatorial Lakes, White Nile Sources, and the CFA Ratification Push
Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and Rwanda — the equatorial headwater states of the White Nile — must build a coalition to ratify the Cooperative Framework Agreement and assert their development rights against downstream veto. With the Nile Basin Initiative at a crossroads, negotiators design a coordinated ratification strategy and a joint development programme for the equatorial lakes region.
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Accord
South Asia's Most Complex Water Negotiation: Four Nations, Three Rivers
India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan must negotiate a comprehensive basin accord for the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna system - the world's third-largest river by discharge - addressing the Farakka Barrage controversy, Nepal's hydropower potential, Bhutan's export ambitions, and Bangladesh's existential flooding and drought vulnerabilities. The accord must overcome decades of Indian hegemony in South Asian water politics.
Great Lakes Water Diversion
Protecting North America's Freshwater Crown Against Drought-Driven Diversion
A proposed diversion of Great Lakes water to drought-stricken western regions triggers a constitutional, treaty, and ecological crisis. US Great Lakes States and Canadian provinces must decide whether the Great Lakes Compact can hold against political pressure from water-scarce regions, while Indigenous First Nations assert treaty rights over the waters their ancestors have stewarded for millennia.
Indus Waters Treaty Modernization
Saving the World's Most Successful Water Treaty from Climate and Conflict
India and Pakistan must update the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty - the most enduring water-sharing agreement in history, surviving four wars - to address glacial melt-driven flow changes, new hydropower disputes (Kishanganga, Baglihar), climate adaptation requirements, and the digital monitoring revolution. Failure risks the collapse of a treaty that has preserved a crucial element of stability in the world's most nuclear-armed neighbourhood.
Kabul River Basin Framework
Building South Asia's First Afghan-Pakistani Water Treaty
Afghanistan and Pakistan must negotiate the first-ever bilateral water-sharing framework for the Kabul River - a tributary of the Indus that carries Afghan hydropower ambitions directly into Pakistan's most populated and strategically sensitive province. With no existing treaty, escalating upstream dam construction, and floods alternating with droughts, both nations must decide whether to cooperate or compete on a river that crosses one of the world's most contested borders.
Karun-Dez Interbasin Transfer
Khuzestan Water for Isfahan: Iran's Domestic Hydropolitics
Iran's most politically charged domestic water dispute: water-rich Khuzestan Province watches its Karun and Dez rivers diverted through mountain tunnels to the drought-stricken Isfahan plateau. Negotiators representing provincial governments, the central state, and an environmental authority must design a sustainable transfer governance framework before social protest turns into political crisis.
Nile Renaissance Dam Accord
Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan Negotiate the Nile's Future
Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan must reach a binding agreement on the filling and operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - the largest hydroelectric dam in Africa - which Egypt views as an existential threat to the 90 million people dependent on the Nile and Ethiopia views as its sovereign right to development. A decade of failed negotiations now faces a final opportunity before Ethiopia completes the dam and the question becomes moot.
Rhine-Meuse Delta Cooperation
From Sandoz Spill Legacy to Climate-Adaptive Delta Management
The Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, and Switzerland must negotiate an upgraded Rhine Action Programme addressing chemical pollution legacy, climate-driven flood adaptation, delta infrastructure resilience, and the revolutionary challenge of returning salmon to Europe's most industrialised river system.
Syr Darya Energy-Water Nexus
Toktogul Dam, Winter Power, and the Collapse of Soviet Water Sharing
Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan must resolve the structural energy-water conflict on the Syr Darya. Toktogul Reservoir releases water in winter for hydropower, flooding Kazakhstan while starving Uzbekistan of summer irrigation. Three decades of failed energy-water swaps define this negotiation's history.
Transboundary Aquifer Cooperation
Northwest Sahara Aquifer System: Shared Groundwater, Unseen Crisis
Three North African states silently pump from one of the world's largest non-renewable fossil aquifer systems. The Northwest Sahara Aquifer System is shared without any binding management framework. With water tables declining and the IAEA's isotopic dating confirming that extraction already exceeds natural recharge by a factor of 100, parties must design the world's first binding governance framework for a shared fossil aquifer — balancing development needs against irreversible depletion.
US-Mexico Rio Grande Water Sharing
1944 Treaty Under Siege: Drought, Debt, and Diplomatic Crisis on the Border
The 1944 Water Treaty binding the United States and Mexico on the Rio Grande is fracturing under the pressure of prolonged drought, Mexican delivery shortfalls, and groundwater depletion. Texas farmers demand enforcement; Mexican water officials cite force majeure; the IBWC struggles to mediate; and environmental NGOs warn that the river itself is dying. Negotiators must modernise a 80-year-old treaty for a climate-changed world.
Zambezi River Basin Commission
Kariba Dam Aging, Victoria Falls, and Cahora Bassa — Managing Africa's Energy River
Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, and Botswana must strengthen the Zambezi Watercourse Commission (ZAMCOM) to manage cascading dam safety risks, declining reservoir levels from climate change, Victoria Falls ecosystem protection, fish migration collapse, and the competing electricity needs of southern Africa's fastest-growing economies.
Arctic Freshwater Governance
Permafrost Thaw, Arctic Council, and Indigenous Water Rights in a Warming North
Russia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the USA must establish a governance framework for Arctic freshwater resources as permafrost thaw releases millennia of stored carbon and water, alters river flows from the world's largest rivers, threatens Indigenous communities, and opens new shipping routes that depend on stable freshwater infrastructure.
Central Asian Water-Energy Nexus
Toktogul, Nurek, and the Prisoner's Dilemma of Syr Darya
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan control the headwater dams of Central Asia's two great rivers. Downstream Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan depend on summer water releases for irrigation. But upstream states need winter reservoir drawdown for hydropower. This structural energy-water conflict has trapped all four states in a prisoner's dilemma for thirty years. With a World Bank observer present, parties attempt a comprehensive water-energy barter agreement.
Columbia River Treaty Renewal
Modernising North America's Most Successful Water Treaty for Climate, Salmon, and Indigenous Rights
The United States and Canada must renew the 1964 Columbia River Treaty - which has provided flood control and hydropower benefits for 60 years - with a dramatically expanded scope: climate-change-adapted reservoir operations, Pacific salmon passage restoration, the rights of 80+ Indigenous Nations whose territories the river crosses, and a restructured hydropower revenue-sharing formula. This is the most complex bilateral water treaty modernisation in North American history.
Congo River Hydropower Accord
Grand Inga Dam, Africa's Energy Hub, and Equitable Access to Power
The Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Angola, and Zambia must negotiate a framework for the Grand Inga Dam — a 44,000 MW project that could power half of Africa — balancing DRC sovereignty over the Congo River's potential with equitable access, environmental safeguards, and community rights for 100 million people in the Congo Basin.
India-Bangladesh Teesta River Negotiations
The Unfinished Treaty: State Politics, National Diplomacy, and a River's Future
A near-final bilateral water agreement on the Teesta River was blocked in 2011 by India's West Bengal Chief Minister and has remained deadlocked for over a decade. With Bangladesh's dry-season flows reaching crisis levels and Indian state-federal tensions unresolved, a UN-mediated process attempts to find a compromise acceptable to all four parties — including a state government with constitutional power to obstruct central agreements.
Jordan River Basin Compact
Water Rights, Occupation, and Dead Sea Survival
Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon must negotiate a comprehensive Jordan River basin compact addressing the Sea of Galilee allocation, the Dead Sea's catastrophic decline, Palestinian water rights under occupation, Syrian tributary access, and the role of desalination in decoupling water security from river flows. The negotiation unfolds against a backdrop of occupation, blockade, and existential water scarcity affecting 15 million people.
Mediterranean Water Security Pact
Desalination, Agricultural Competition, and the Barcelona Convention
Morocco, Spain, France, Italy, Turkey, and Greece must negotiate a Mediterranean Water Security Pact under the Barcelona Convention framework, addressing the region's accelerating water crisis: climate-driven aridification, competition between tourism and agriculture, desalination technology sharing, and groundwater over-extraction threatening freshwater aquifers across the Mediterranean basin.
Mekong River Commission Reform
China's Lancang Dams, the Tonle Sap Collapse, and Southeast Asia's Water Crisis
China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar must reform the Mekong River Commission to address the existential downstream impact of China's Lancang dam cascade, Laos's "Battery of Southeast Asia" hydropower strategy, Cambodia's shrinking Tonle Sap fishery, and Vietnam's Mekong Delta salinity intrusion. The reform must bring China genuinely into multilateral governance of a river upon which 70 million people depend.
Niger River Authority Modernization
Sahel Desertification, the Inner Delta, and a Basin Authority in Crisis
Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Guinea, and Cameroon must reform the Niger Basin Authority to address the Sahel's accelerating water crisis: the Fomi Dam threatens to destroy the Inner Niger Delta — the world's largest freshwater floodplain ecosystem — while Sahel desertification reduces river flows and millions depend on the basin for food and livelihoods.
South China Sea Mekong Diplomacy
Lancang Cascade, Fisheries Collapse, and the Future of the Mekong Agreement
China's eleven-dam cascade on the Lancang (upper Mekong) has transformed flow regimes across Southeast Asia, contributing to historic droughts, fisheries collapse, and sediment starvation. Downstream nations seek to reform the 1995 Mekong Agreement and compel China to share operational data. In a high-stakes multilateral diplomacy session, parties must negotiate data sharing obligations, ecological flow commitments, and a reformed Mekong River Commission.
Tigris-Euphrates Grand Bargain
Turkey's GAP Dams, Iraqi Marshland Collapse, and a Region Without a Water Treaty
Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran must forge the first comprehensive Tigris-Euphrates basin agreement - a river system that sustains 60 million people but has no multilateral treaty. Turkey's GAP dam cascade has reduced Iraqi flows by 40%, the Iraqi Mesopotamian Marshlands (a UNESCO World Heritage site) are drying up again, ISIS damage to water infrastructure has crippled Iraq's distribution system, and Iran's Zagros tributaries face their own crisis. The grand bargain must address hydropower, irrigation, marshland restoration, and post-conflict reconstruction simultaneously.
Virtual Water Trade Masterclass
Water Footprints, Food Security, and the Invisible Flows Shaping Global Water Politics
China, the USA, India, Brazil, and the EU must negotiate a framework for incorporating virtual water into international trade policy — addressing how global food trade effectively exports and imports billions of cubic metres of water annually from water-stressed to water-abundant regions, and whether trade policy can be a tool for global water security.
Water Diplomacy Peace Process
Red-Dead Canal, Desalination Sharing, and Water as a Peace-Building Tool
Israel, Palestine, and Jordan share the world's most politically sensitive water systems — the Mountain Aquifer, the Jordan River, and the Dead Sea. A USAID-facilitated water diplomacy process attempts to use shared water interests as a confidence-building mechanism: the Red-Dead Sea canal, joint desalination, aquifer management reform, and a water-for-peace fund that could transform a source of conflict into a foundation for regional cooperation.
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Premium & Enterprise Cases
These simulations are accessible with your voucher codes. (31 cases)
Amu Darya: Central Asian Water-Energy Nexus
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan 🇹🇯 Tajikistan 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan 🏛️ IFAS Secretariat
The Amu Darya — Central Asia's lifeline — epitomises the water-energy nexus that defines post-Soviet hydropolitics. Upst...
Indus Waters: Treaty Renegotiation Under Climate Change
🇮🇳 India 🇵🇰 Pakistan 🏦 World Bank Mediator
The 1960 Indus Waters Treaty — brokered by the World Bank between India and Pakistan — is widely considered the world's...
Jordan River: Water for Peace
🇮🇱 Israel 🇵🇸 Palestine 🇯🇴 Jordan 🇸🇾 Syria 🇱🇧 Lebanon 🇺🇳 UN Mediator
The Jordan River basin — sacred to three faiths and claimed by five political entities — is the world's most water-scarc...
Mekong River: Dam Cascade Impact
🇨🇳 China 🇻🇳 Vietnam 🇰🇭 Cambodia 🇱🇦 Laos 🇹🇭 Thailand 🇲🇲 Myanmar 🏛️ MRC Secretariat
The Mekong River — Southeast Asia's 4,350-kilometre lifeline — feeds 60 million people, sustains the world's largest inl...
Nile Basin: Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
🇪🇬 Egypt 🇸🇩 Sudan 🇪🇹 Ethiopia 🏛️ AU Mediator
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam — Africa's largest hydropower project at 6,450 MW — has become the defining transbou...
Arctic Freshwater Governance
🇷🇺 Russia 🇨🇦 Canada 🇳🇴 Norway 🇸🇪 Sweden 🇫🇮 Finland 🇺🇸 United States
Russia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the USA must establish a governance framework for Arctic freshwater resourc...
Central Asian Water-Energy Nexus
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan 🇹🇯 Tajikistan 🏦 World Bank (Observer)
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan control the headwater dams of Central Asia's two great rivers. Downstream Uzbekistan and Kazak...
Columbia River Treaty Renewal
🇺🇸 United States 🇨🇦 Canada
The United States and Canada must renew the 1964 Columbia River Treaty - which has provided flood control and hydropower...
Congo River Hydropower Accord
🇨🇩 Democratic Republic of Congo 🇨🇬 Republic of Congo 🇦🇴 Angola 🇿🇲 Zambia
The Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Angola, and Zambia must negotiate a framework for the Grand Inga Da...
Danube River Basin Governance
🇩🇪 Germany 🇦🇹 Austria 🇭🇺 Hungary 🇷🇴 Romania 🇷🇸 Serbia 🇺🇦 Ukraine
Six Danube riparian states — Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine — must negotiate a comprehensive ba...
East African Nile Cooperation
🇺🇬 Uganda 🇹🇿 Tanzania 🇰🇪 Kenya 🇷🇼 Rwanda 🌊 Nile Basin Initiative
Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and Rwanda — the equatorial headwater states of the White Nile — must build a coalition to rati...
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Accord
🇮🇳 India 🇧🇩 Bangladesh 🇳🇵 Nepal 🇧🇹 Bhutan
India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan must negotiate a comprehensive basin accord for the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna syste...
Great Lakes Water Diversion
🇺🇸 USA Great Lakes States 🇨🇦 Canada Ontario 🇨🇦 Canada Quebec 🧿 Indigenous First Nations
A proposed diversion of Great Lakes water to drought-stricken western regions triggers a constitutional, treaty, and eco...
India-Bangladesh Teesta River Negotiations
🇮🇳 India West Bengal 🇮🇳 India Central Government 🇧🇩 Bangladesh 🇺🇳 UN Mediator
A near-final bilateral water agreement on the Teesta River was blocked in 2011 by India's West Bengal Chief Minister and...
Indus Waters Treaty Modernization
🇮🇳 India 🇵🇰 Pakistan
India and Pakistan must update the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty - the most enduring water-sharing agreement in history, surv...
Jordan River Basin Compact
🇯🇴 Jordan 🇮🇱 Israel 🇵🇸 Palestine 🇸🇾 Syria 🇱🇧 Lebanon
Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon must negotiate a comprehensive Jordan River basin compact addressing the S...
Kabul River Basin Framework
🇦🇫 Afghanistan 🇵🇰 Pakistan
Afghanistan and Pakistan must negotiate the first-ever bilateral water-sharing framework for the Kabul River - a tributa...
Karun-Dez Interbasin Transfer
🇮🇷 Iran Isfahan Province 🇮🇷 Iran Khuzestan Province 🇮🇷 Iran Central Government 🍃 Environmental Authority
Iran's most politically charged domestic water dispute: water-rich Khuzestan Province watches its Karun and Dez rivers d...
Mediterranean Water Security Pact
🇲🇦 Morocco 🇪🇸 Spain 🇫🇷 France 🇮🇹 Italy 🇹🇷 Turkey 🇬🇷 Greece
Morocco, Spain, France, Italy, Turkey, and Greece must negotiate a Mediterranean Water Security Pact under the Barcelona...
Mekong River Commission Reform
🇨🇳 China 🇱🇦 Laos 🇹🇭 Thailand 🇰🇭 Cambodia 🇻🇳 Vietnam 🇲🇲 Myanmar
China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar must reform the Mekong River Commission to address the existential...
Niger River Authority Modernization
🇳🇬 Nigeria 🇳🇪 Niger 🇲🇱 Mali 🇬🇳 Guinea 🇨🇲 Cameroon
Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Guinea, and Cameroon must reform the Niger Basin Authority to address the Sahel's accelerating wat...
Nile Renaissance Dam Accord
🇪🇹 Ethiopia 🇪🇬 Egypt 🇸🇩 Sudan
Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan must reach a binding agreement on the filling and operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissanc...
Rhine-Meuse Delta Cooperation
🇳🇱 Netherlands 🇩🇪 Germany 🇫🇷 France 🇧🇪 Belgium 🇨🇭 Switzerland
The Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, and Switzerland must negotiate an upgraded Rhine Action Programme addressing...
South China Sea Mekong Diplomacy
🇨🇳 China (Lancang) 🇻🇳 Vietnam 🇰🇭 Cambodia 🇱🇦 Laos 🌊 MRC Secretariat
China's eleven-dam cascade on the Lancang (upper Mekong) has transformed flow regimes across Southeast Asia, contributin...
Syr Darya Energy-Water Nexus
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan 🇹🇯 Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan must resolve the structural energy-water conflict on the Syr Darya. T...
Tigris-Euphrates Grand Bargain
🇹🇷 Turkey 🇸🇾 Syria 🇮🇶 Iraq 🇮🇷 Iran
Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran must forge the first comprehensive Tigris-Euphrates basin agreement - a river system that...
Transboundary Aquifer Cooperation
🇩🇿 North Sahara Country A 🇱🇾 North Sahara Country B 🇹🇳 South Sahara Country C ☢ IAEA
Three North African states silently pump from one of the world's largest non-renewable fossil aquifer systems. The North...
US-Mexico Rio Grande Water Sharing
🇺🇸 USA Texas 🇲🇽 Mexico Chihuahua ⚖ IBWC (International Boundary and Water Commission) 🌿 Environmental NGOs
The 1944 Water Treaty binding the United States and Mexico on the Rio Grande is fracturing under the pressure of prolong...
Virtual Water Trade Masterclass
🇨🇳 China 🇺🇸 United States 🇮🇳 India 🇧🇷 Brazil 🇪🇺 European Union
China, the USA, India, Brazil, and the EU must negotiate a framework for incorporating virtual water into international...
Water Diplomacy Peace Process
🇮🇱 Israel 🇵🇸 Palestine 🇯🇴 Jordan 🇺🇸 USAID Water Envoy
Israel, Palestine, and Jordan share the world's most politically sensitive water systems — the Mountain Aquifer, the Jor...
Zambezi River Basin Commission
🇿🇲 Zambia 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe 🇲🇿 Mozambique 🇲🇼 Malawi 🇧🇼 Botswana
Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, and Botswana must strengthen the Zambezi Watercourse Commission (ZAMCOM) to manage...
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